Just as email is a dedicated network for sending emails, and HTTP is a network for opening web pages, Peppol is a specific network designed for the exchange of electronic business documents between companies and government bodies.
Imagine a PDF invoice. The layout can vary quite a bit from one company to another: sometimes the logo is in the top left corner, other times in the bottom right. Customer details might appear in the upper left or exactly where a window envelope shows them, depending on the company.
Invoices sent via the Peppol network follow a uniform format (UBL), which means that both the sender and the receiver must send and receive data in a structured, uniform way. The fact that documents follow this uniform format makes the exchange and processing of invoices between IT systems much simpler.